Development of the U.S. Counterinsurgency Policy and Doctrine by Victor H. Krulak, H.

This address by Major General Victor H. Krulak, USMC, Special Assistant to the Director Joint Staff, Joint Chiefs of Staff for Counterinsurgency and Special Activities, discusses the development of United States counterinsurgency policy and doctrine, emphasizing the strategic approach taken by the U.S. to address global insurgency issues, particularly focusing on organization, policies, and doctrines.

Krulak highlights the historical context of counterinsurgency, referencing the ancient wisdom of Sun Tzu and connecting it to contemporary strategies aimed at winning conflicts without direct combat, reflecting the Cold War era's avoidance of nuclear confrontation. He outlines the multifaceted nature of insurgency, characterized by economic imbalance, ignorance, political instability, and military vulnerabilities, illustrating how these factors create environments susceptible to insurgent influence.

The address acknowledges the challenges faced in recognizing and organizing against the nuanced threat of insurgency. It underscores the necessity of a comprehensive approach involving diplomatic, economic, educational, military, and propaganda efforts, coordinated through a "Country Team" concept, to effectively counter insurgencies.

Krulak provides examples from countries like Ecuador, Bolivia, Guatemala, and Haiti, demonstrating the diverse causes of insurgencies and the need for tailored responses. He also discusses the organizational efforts at the national level, including the formation of the Special Group (Counterinsurgency) by the President, designed to facilitate interdepartmental cooperation and planning in counterinsurgency efforts.

Specific counterinsurgency initiatives in Thailand and South Vietnam are highlighted, showcasing strategies such as the strategic hamlet program, infrastructure development, education, and military support aimed at winning the hearts and minds of local populations. These efforts exemplify the shift from a focus on military confrontation to encompassing social, economic, and political strategies to undermine insurgent influence.

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